Summative Assessment
Summative assessments are less frequent (mid-term papers, unit tests, or end of course exams) and are higher stakes. Summative assessments should be linked to course/unit objectives, homework, and class lessons. When administering summative assessments:
- Align assessments with objectives; share this alignment with students
- Create rubrics for assignments, papers, group presentations; share rubrics with students along with assignment directions
- Use rubrics as a teaching and learning tool
- Vary assessments: quizzes, exams, assignments, papers, projects, simulations, presentations, etc.
- Provide transparent assignment directions (template)
- Create real-life, authentic assessment opportunities
- Scaffold large assignments: assign small chunks of assignments, allow for rough drafts, revisions, and peer feedback. Give students opportunities to engage in self/peer assessment drafts of their assignment using the rubric
- Consider group quizzes or tests in addition to individual testing
In most courses, assignments form the majority of students’ work. It is important that you convey expectations for assignments and their completion in a clear but supportive way. Adopting the stance of “no secrets teaching” will allow you and your students to have the most successful learning and you, the most rewarding teaching experience possible. Begin with identifying the course learning objectives (using measurable verbs) and how you will assess competencies. Design the final assessment and the interim higher-stakes assessments to engage students and support mastery. This allows you to sequence learning that leads toward mastery. Giving rubrics with assignment descriptions will give your students a clear picture of the learning expectations.
- Engage students in project “exemplar” analysis before an assignment is due
- Use Classroom Assessment Techniques to check for understanding and to promote mental retrieval and deep learning; this can be done in residential, hybrid, and online courses
- Use technology tools to engage students and check for understanding: iClickers, Kahoot, Jamboard, Google
- Use “on the fly” in-class checks for understanding: Fist to five, think-pair-share, think-ink-pair-share, thumb-o-meter, etc.
- Be willing to diverge from your teaching plan if checks for understanding demonstrate student confusion or knowledge gaps
- Give timely feedback
- Give specific feedback; ask questions or use sentences like, “The best part of this is ______ because” or “I don’t have a clear picture of _____.”
- If students will be giving feedback to each other, give them guidelines, practice, and support
- Make sure students know that formative assessment is a form of supportive feedback – not all formative assessment needs to be graded.
Additional Considerations for Teaching Online
While most of the information on teaching effectiveness pertains to both RI and online classrooms, following are a few key points for online courses.
Clear and explicit assignment instructions are crucial in online courses.
- Make sure that you outline everything students need to complete an assignment—including due dates and links to other resources, as well as anticipating and answering their questions in your assignment instructions.
- State your grading policy at the beginning of the online course. On your syllabus or a page at the start of the course, you should clearly detail:
- Points, percentages and weights for all course-grade components
- Relationship among points, percentages, weights and letter grades
- Late-submission policy
- Your turnaround time for grading assignments
- Rubrics you would create and include in your RI course should be built into the learning management system (LMS) so that students have them handy for each assignment they need to complete and can clearly see how the points for each assignment are allocated.
- Another special consideration for an online course is including information about how discussion forums will be graded. How many times do students need to post per forum? When are these posts due? What criteria will be used to evaluate their responses? Following is a sample discussion rubric for an online course. How would you modify it to meet the needs of your online class? Discussion Grading Rubric.